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1.
Neurocrit Care ; 29(3): 385-387, 2018 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29305757

RESUMO

Metabolic encephalopathy may be the most common diagnosis in consultative acute neurology. The origin of this term is not generally known but can be traced back. The term replaced more commonly used designations such as organic or functional. The term metabolic encephalopathy was originally linked to organ dysfunction but subsequently became more imprecise. When it expanded to include a large number of diseases, it evolved to "metabolic neuronal dysfunction" and soon could not be distinguished from "quiet delirium" and other designations. This vignette summarizes why the terminology has confused more than clarified but also why it will likely stay in the neurologist's vernacular.


Assuntos
Encefalopatias Metabólicas , Encefalopatias Metabólicas/classificação , Encefalopatias Metabólicas/história , Encefalopatias Metabólicas/fisiopatologia , História do Século XX , Humanos , Neurologia/história , Terminologia como Assunto
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(8): 372-376, 16 oct., 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142841

RESUMO

Introducción. Actualmente, cuando reflexionamos sobre cuál es la estructura más relevante del encéfalo humano invariablemente pensamos en las regiones anteriores de la corteza cerebral, concretamente en la corteza prefrontal. Si bien éste ha sido el dogma predominante a lo largo de más de 150 años, investigadores de reconocido prestigio han cuestionado abiertamente tal supuesto. Desarrollo. A caballo entre los siglos xix y xx, diversos investigadores consideraron que las regiones corticales posteriores son la sede neuroanatómica de las más altas facultades intelectuales. Entre todos ellos destacó, por la elaboración de sus propuestas e impacto en la comunidad científica, el neuroanatomista alemán Paul Emil Flechsig (1847-1929). Wilder Graves Penfield (1891-1976) fue otro detractor del dogma que considera la corteza prefrontal el sustrato anatómico de los procesos mentales más complejos y sublimes del ser humano. A mediados del siglo xx, Penfield mantuvo la hipótesis de la existencia de lo que denominó el sistema de integración centrencefálico, responsable del nivel más elevado de integración del sistema nervioso central. Conclusiones. Las concepciones corticocéntricas otorgan el preciado cetro de ‘estructura más importante del encéfalo’ a la corteza prefrontal. Sin embargo, no han faltado propuestas alternativas que, con mayor o menor éxito, han intentado arrebatárselo en favor de otras estructuras encefálicas (AU)


Introduction. Today, when we reflect on which structures of the human brain are the most significant, we invariably think of the anterior regions of the cerebral cortex, and more particularly the prefrontal cortex. Although this has been the predominant dogma over the last 150 years or more, well-renowned researchers have openly questioned this assumption. Development. During the 19th and 20th centuries, a number of researchers considered the posterior cortical regions to be the neuranatomical seat of the highest intellectual faculties. One of those researchers who stands out above the others, due to the proposals he formulated and the impact they had on the scientific community, was the German neuroanatomist Paul Emil Flechsig (1847-1929). Wilder Graves Penfield (1891-1976) was another scientist who disagreed with the dogma that considered the prefrontal cortex to be the anatomical entity underlying the most complex and sublime mental processes of human beings. In the mid-20th century, Penfield held the hypothesis of the existence of what he called the centrencephalic integrating system, which was responsible for the highest level of integration of the central nervous system. Conclusions. The corticocentric conceptions confer the highly-revered award of ‘the most important structure in the brain’ to the prefrontal cortex. Nevertheless, many other alternative proposals have attempted, with varying degrees of success, to strip it of this distinction and bestow it upon other brain structures (AU)


Assuntos
História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Córtex Pré-Frontal/anatomia & histologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia , Neuroanatomia/história , Neuroanatomia/métodos , Consciência , Estado de Consciência/fisiologia , Transtornos de Sensação/história , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Encefalopatias Metabólicas/história
3.
Brain Dev ; 33(9): 719-25, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21353410

RESUMO

Molecular background of neurogenetic disease is briefly reviewed. Importance and usefulness of genetic testing are emphasized. Molecular genetics is a powerful tool for investigation of epileptic syndromes. Diagnosis based on gene analysis will give a new insight for pathophysiology and clinical outcome of the patient, and there is a hope to develop a new therapeutic approach in the near future. Among them a new molecular therapeutic trial for lysosomal diseases is being developed: chemical chaperone therapy. It will become a new approach to brain damage causing epilepsy and other phenotypic expressions of a large number of genetic diseases in the near future.


Assuntos
Encefalopatias Metabólicas/genética , Encefalopatias Metabólicas/história , Genética/história , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos
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